空壓機在打地熱井洗井中的應用

打井的時候洗井是成井工藝的一個承前啟后的關鍵工序。工程建設中地熱井一般都要經過簡單或復雜的洗井工藝，并采用多種洗井方法。特殊的情況下一種洗井方法多次重復使用，使地熱井的水量、水溫達到設計或合同指標的要求，同時盡量達到佳水量及水溫，工程項目質量合格，后經抽水試驗和采集水樣化驗，通過水量和水質檢驗。

Well washing is a key process of well completion technology. In engineering construction, geothermal wells usually have to go through simple or complex well flushing technology, and use a variety of well flushing methods. Under special circumstances, a well washing method is repeatedly used to make the water quantity and temperature of geothermal well meet the requirements of design or contract indicators, and try to achieve the best water quantity and temperature at the same time. The quality of the project is qualified. After pumping test and water sample test, it passes the water quantity and water quality inspection.

壓縮空氣洗井是比較常用的方法，需要空壓機提供壓縮空氣(正、反循環(huán))，震蕩、抽吸內沖洗液，疏通裂隙并排除沉沙。

Compressed air well flushing is a common method, which requires air compressor to provide compressed air (positive and negative circulation), vibrate and pump internal flushing fluid, dredge cracks and remove sediment.

空壓機洗井裝置有并列式和同心式兩種,可視況選用。此乃借助空壓機的風壓,使孔內水位產生振蕩,沖擊井管,破壞泥皮,并將孔底沉淀物一并排出地面。空壓機洗井是常用的洗井方法之一。在通常的情況下,其洗井效果較好。

There are two kinds of air compressor well washing devices, parallel type and concentric type, which can be selected according to the actual situation. With the help of the air pressure of the air compressor, the water level in the hole oscillates, the well pipe is impacted, the mud skin is damaged, and the sediment at the bottom of the hole is discharged from the ground. Air compressor well flushing is one of the common well flushing methods. In general, the effect of well flushing is better.

水泵和空壓機洗井。在孔徑較大而又較深的鉆井中,常常采用這種聯(lián)合洗井方法,即將鉆桿下至泥漿沉淀物附近,借助水泵將沉淀物沖至一定的高度,再借助空壓機將沉淀物排出地面。這種方法對于含水層埋藏較深、泥漿沉淀物較多的井孔,其效果較好。例如在江淮紅層缺水地區(qū),地層為紫紅色粘土巖,坍塌掉塊嚴重,采用泥漿鉆進。由于孔較深,鉆井時間也長,泥漿糊死井壁。這樣的就采用這種方法。

Water pump and air compressor well flushing. In the drilling with larger and deeper hole diameter, this kind of combined well washing method is often used, that is, the drill pipe is lowered near the mud sediment, the sediment is washed to a certain height with the help of water pump, and then the sediment is discharged from the ground with the help of air compressor. This method has a good effect for the well with deep aquifer and more mud sediment. For example, in the area of water shortage in Jianghuai red bed, the formation is purple red clay rock, which collapses seriously, so mud drilling is used. Because the hole is deep and the drilling time is long, the mud pastes the wellbore. In this way, we use this method.

壓縮空氣技術在地熱井洗井中的應用主要是運用于地熱井壓縮空氣洗井，地熱井壓縮空氣洗井常用石油鉆井行業(yè)的高壓高排量空氣壓縮機，一般用空氣壓縮機的能力為十立方米美一百五十千克。采用反沖洗的方法，風管采用鉆桿，一般下入深度五百到一千米。壓縮空氣洗井產生間斷噴流的出水方式(水量大時連續(xù)出水)，噴流高度可達幾米。

The application of compressed air technology in geothermal well flushing is mainly applied to geothermal well flushing with compressed air, which is commonly used as high-pressure and high displacement air compressor in petroleum drilling industry. Generally, the capacity of air compressor is 10 cubic meters and 150 kilograms. The back flushing method is adopted, and the air pipe is made of drill pipe, and the running depth is generally 500-1km. The method of producing intermittent jet by compressed air well flushing (continuous jet when the amount of water is large) can reach several meters.

洗井機由風管和出水管兩部分組成，采用并列式安裝方式。壓縮空氣經風管下行到達出水管一定的深度時，與出水管內的液體混合，在出水管內形成負壓力，使得出水管內的液體向上進行運動，下部的泥砂及巖屑隨即進入出水管內，形成氣，液、固三相混合物，一同排出井外。其洗井機理與正循環(huán)相似。

The well washing machine is composed of air pipe and water outlet pipe, and is installed in parallel. When the compressed air reaches a certain depth of the outlet pipe through the air duct, it mixes with the liquid in the outlet pipe and forms a negative pressure in the outlet pipe, which makes the liquid in the outlet pipe move upward. The mud, sand and rock cuttings in the lower part immediately enter the outlet pipe and form a three-phase mixture of gas, liquid and solid, which is discharged out of the well together. The mechanism of well flushing is similar to that of positive circulation.

在相同的井內，由于洗井方法不同(洗井液上返通道不同)，其相同直徑的巖屑的自由懸浮速度也不同，用相同的空壓機洗井，反循環(huán)的排巖屑能力比正循環(huán)要強，排出的巖屑顆粒比正循環(huán)要大。

In the same well, the free suspension velocity of cuttings with the same diameter is different due to different well washing methods (different upward return channels of well washing fluid). When using the same air compressor to wash the well, the cuttings discharge capacity of reverse circulation is stronger than that of positive circulation, and the cuttings discharged are larger than that of positive circulation.

井中的水柱上下振蕩幅度可達幾百米，幾百米的水柱壓力的瞬間釋放有助于含水層的疏通出水。根據出水持續(xù)時間和間斷時間的比例可估算地熱井出水能力。壓縮空氣洗井結束后，一般采用水泵抽水洗井試水。

The fluctuation amplitude of water column in the well can reach several hundred meters, and the instantaneous release of water column pressure of several hundred meters is helpful to dredge the aquifer. According to the ratio of the duration of water production to the interruption time, the water production capacity of geothermal wells can be estimated. After the completion of compressed air well flushing, the water pump is generally used for well flushing test.

一臺四級加壓、流量十立方米每分鐘、很大壓力二十五兆帕的高壓空壓機能把兩千多米深的水柱頂出地面，井內一瞬間形成負壓力，使地層里的水自然的沖出，能有效提高洗井速度。

A four stage pressurized high pressure air compressor with a flow rate of 10 cubic meters per minute and a very high pressure of 25 MPA can push a water column more than 2000 meters deep out of the ground. The negative pressure in the well instantly forms, which makes the water in the formation wash out naturally and effectively improves the well washing speed.

洗井是空壓機比較活用的一種用途，也是建筑施工行業(yè)空壓機重要的體現(xiàn)。

Well washing is a flexible use of air compressor, and also an important embodiment of air compressor in construction industry.